SYSCTL(3)

NAME
sysctl, sysctlbyname, sysctlnametomib - get or set system information

LIBRARY
libc

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
int
sysctl(const int *name, u_int namelen, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp, const void *newp, size_t newlen);
int
sysctlbyname(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp, const void *newp, size_t newlen);
int
sysctlnametomib(const char *name, int *mibp, size_t *sizep);

DESCRIPTION
The sysctl() function retrieves system information and allows processes with appropriate privileges to set system information. The information available from sysctl() consists of integers, strings, and tables. Information may be retrieved and set from the command interface using the sysctl(8) utility.

Unless explicitly noted below, sysctl() returns a consistent snapshot of the data requested. Consistency is obtained by locking the destination buffer into memory so that the data may be copied out without blocking. Calls to sysctl() are serialized to avoid deadlock.

The state is described using a ``Management Information Base'' (MIB) style name, listed in name, which is a namelen length array of integers.

The sysctlbyname() function accepts an ASCII representation of the name and internally looks up the integer name vector. Apart from that, it behaves the same as the standard sysctl() function.

The information is copied into the buffer specified by oldp. The size of the buffer is given by the location specified by oldlenp before the call, and that location gives the amount of data copied after a successful call and after a call that returns with the error code ENOMEM. If the amount of data available is greater than the size of the buffer supplied, the call supplies as much data as fits in the buffer provided and returns with the error code ENOMEM. If the old value is not desired, oldp and oldlenp should be set to NULL.

The size of the available data can be determined by calling sysctl() with the NULL argument for oldp. The size of the available data will be returned in the location pointed to by oldlenp. For some operations, the amount of space may change often. For these operations, the system attempts to round up so that the returned size is large enough for a call to return the data shortly thereafter.

To set a new value, newp is set to point to a buffer of length newlen from which the requested value is to be taken. If a new value is not to be set, newp should be set to NULL and newlen set to 0.

The sysctlnametomib() function accepts an ASCII representation of the name, looks up the integer name vector, and returns the numeric representation in the mib array pointed to by mibp. The number of elements in the mib array is given by the location specified by sizep before the call, and that location gives the number of entries copied after a successful call. The resulting mib and size may be used in subsequent sysctl() calls to get the data associated with the requested ASCII name. This interface is intended for use by applications that want to repeatedly request the same variable (the sysctl() function runs in about a third the time as the same request made via the sysctlbyname() function). The sysctlnametomib() function is also useful for fetching mib prefixes and then adding a final component. For example, to fetch process information for processes with pid's less than 100:

    int i, mib[4];
    size_t len;
    struct kinfo_proc kp;
    /* Fill out the first three components of the mib */
    len = 4;
    sysctlnametomib("kern.proc.pid", mib, &len);
    /* Fetch and print entries for pid's < 100 */
    for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
    	mib[3] = i;
    	len = sizeof(kp);
    	if (sysctl(mib, 4, &kp, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
    		perror("sysctl");
    	else if (len > 0)
    		printkproc(&kp);
    }

The top level names are defined with a CTL_ prefix in <sys/sysctl.h>, and are as follows. The next and subsequent levels down are found in the include files listed here, and described in separate sections below.
Name | Next Level Names | Description
CTL_DEBUG | <sys/sysctl.h> | Debugging
CTL_VFS | <sys/mount.h> | File system
CTL_HW | <sys/sysctl.h> | Generic CPU, I/O
CTL_KERN | <sys/sysctl.h> | High kernel limits
CTL_MACHDEP | <sys/sysctl.h> | Machine dependent
CTL_NET | <sys/socket.h> | Networking
CTL_USER | <sys/sysctl.h> | User-level
CTL_VM | <vm/vm_param.h> | Virtual memory

For example, the following retrieves the maximum number of processes allowed in the system:

    int mib[2], maxproc;
    size_t len;
    mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
    mib[1] = KERN_MAXPROC;
    len = sizeof(maxproc);
    sysctl(mib, 2, &maxproc, &len, NULL, 0);

To retrieve the standard search path for the system utilities:

    int mib[2];
    size_t len;
    char *p;
    mib[0] = CTL_USER;
    mib[1] = USER_CS_PATH;
    sysctl(mib, 2, NULL, &len, NULL, 0);
    p = malloc(len);
    sysctl(mib, 2, p, &len, NULL, 0);

  CTL_DEBUG
The debugging variables vary from system to system. A debugging variable may be added or deleted without need to recompile sysctl() to know about it. Each time it runs, sysctl() gets the list of debugging variables from the kernel and displays their current values. The system defines twenty (struct ctldebug) variables named debug0 through debug19. They are declared as separate variables so that they can be individually initialized at the location of their associated variable. The loader prevents multiple use of the same variable by issuing errors if a variable is initialized in more than one place. For example, to export the variable dospecialcheck as a debugging variable, the following declaration would be used:

    int dospecialcheck = 1;
    struct ctldebug debug5 = { "dospecialcheck", &dospecialcheck };

  CTL_VFS
A distinguished second level name, VFS_GENERIC, is used to get general information about all file systems. One of its third level identifiers is VFS_MAXTYPENUM that gives the highest valid file system type number. Its other third level identifier is VFS_CONF that returns configuration information about the file system type given as a fourth level identifier (see getvfsbyname(3) as an example of its use). The remaining second level identifiers are the file system type number returned by a statfs(2) call or from VFS_CONF. The third level identifiers available for each file system are given in the header file that defines the mount argument structure for that file system.

  CTL_HW
The string and integer information available for the CTL_HW level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privilege may change the value.
Second Level Name | Type | Changeable
HW_MACHINE | string | no
HW_MODEL | string | no
HW_NCPU | integer | no
HW_BYTEORDER | integer | no
HW_PHYSMEM | integer | no
HW_USERMEM | integer | no
HW_PAGESIZE | integer | no
HW_FLOATINGPT | integer | no
HW_MACHINE_ARCH | string | no
HW_REALMEM | integer | no
HW_AVAILPAGES | integer | no

HW_MACHINE
    The machine class.

HW_MODEL
    The machine model

HW_NCPU
    The number of cpus.

HW_BYTEORDER
    The byteorder (4321 or 1234).

HW_PHYSMEM
    Amount of physical memory (in bytes), minus the amount used by the kernel, pre-loaded modules, and (on x86) the dcons buffer.

HW_USERMEM
    Amount of memory (in bytes) which is not wired.

HW_PAGESIZE
    The software page size.

HW_FLOATINGPT
    Nonzero if the floating point support is in hardware.

HW_MACHINE_ARCH
    The machine dependent architecture type.

HW_REALMEM
    Amount of memory (in bytes) reported by the firmware. That value is sometimes not sane; in that case, the kernel reports the max memory address instead.

HW_AVAILPAGES
    The same value as HW_PHYSMEM, measured in pages rather than bytes.

  CTL_KERN
The string and integer information available for the CTL_KERN level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privilege may change the value. The types of data currently available are process information, system vnodes, the open file entries, routing table entries, virtual memory statistics, load average history, and clock rate information.
Second Level Name | Type | Changeable
KERN_ARGMAX | integer | no
KERN_ARND | integer | no
KERN_BOOTFILE | string | yes
KERN_BOOTTIME | struct timeval | no
KERN_CLOCKRATE | struct clockinfo | no
KERN_FILE | struct xfile | no
KERN_HOSTID | integer | yes
KERN_HOSTUUID | string | yes
KERN_HOSTNAME | string | yes
KERN_IOV_MAX | integer | yes
KERN_JOB_CONTROL | integer | no
KERN_LOCKF | struct kinfo_lockf | no
KERN_LOGSIGEXIT | integer | yes
KERN_MAXFILES | integer | yes
KERN_MAXFILESPERPROC | integer | yes
KERN_MAXPHYS | integer | no
KERN_MAXPROC | integer | no
KERN_MAXPROCPERUID | integer | yes
KERN_MAXVNODES | integer | yes
KERN_NGROUPS | integer | no
KERN_NISDOMAINNAME | string | yes
KERN_OSRELDATE | integer | no
KERN_OSRELEASE | string | no
KERN_OSREV | integer | no
KERN_OSTYPE | string | no
KERN_POSIX1 | integer | no
KERN_PROC | node | not applicable
KERN_PS_STRINGS | integer | no
KERN_SAVED_IDS | integer | no
KERN_SECURELVL | integer | raise only
KERN_UPDATEINTERVAL | integer | no
KERN_USRSTACK | integer | no
KERN_VERSION | string | no

KERN_ARGMAX
    The maximum bytes of argument to execve(2).

KERN_ARND
    arc4rand(9) Fills the buffer with random bytes from in-kernel random data generator. This is an alternative interface for read(2) of random(4) device, which does not depend on accessibility and correct mounting options of the devfs(4) node.

KERN_BOOTFILE
    The full pathname of the file from which the kernel was loaded.

KERN_BOOTTIME
    A struct timeval structure is returned. This structure contains the time that the system was booted.

KERN_CLOCKRATE
    A struct clockinfo structure is returned. This structure contains the clock, statistics clock and profiling clock frequencies, the number of micro-seconds per hz tick and the skew rate.

KERN_FILE
    Return the entire file table. The returned data consists of an array of struct xfile, whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system.

KERN_HOSTID
    Get or set the host ID.

KERN_HOSTUUID
    Get or set the host's universally unique identifier (UUID).

KERN_HOSTNAME
    Get or set the hostname.

KERN_IOV_MAX
    The maximum accepted number of elements in an input-output vector (iovec), see readv(2) and writev(2).

KERN_JOB_CONTROL
    Return 1 if job control is available on this system, otherwise 0.

KERN_LOCKF
    Returns the list of the file advisory locks currently known to kernel.

KERN_LOGSIGEXIT
    Controls logging of process exit due to untrapped signals.

KERN_MAXFILES
    The maximum number of files that may be open in the system.

KERN_MAXFILESPERPROC
    The maximum number of files that may be open for a single process. This limit only applies to processes with an effective uid of nonzero at the time of the open request. Files that have already been opened are not affected if the limit or the effective uid is changed.

KERN_MAXPHYS
    Specifies the maximum block I/O size. Can be changed by the tunable kern.maxphys.

KERN_MAXPROC
    The maximum number of concurrent processes the system will allow.

KERN_MAXPROCPERUID
    The maximum number of concurrent processes the system will allow for a single effective uid. This limit only applies to processes with an effective uid of nonzero at the time of a fork request. Processes that have already been started are not affected if the limit is changed.

KERN_MAXVNODES
    The maximum number of vnodes available on the system.

KERN_NGROUPS
    The maximum number of supplemental groups.

KERN_NISDOMAINNAME
    The name of the current YP/NIS domain.

KERN_OSRELDATE
    The kernel release version in the format MmmRxx, where M is the major version, mm is the two digit minor version, R is 0 if release branch, otherwise 1, and xx is updated when the available APIs change.

    The userland release version is available from <osreldate.h>; parse this file if you need to get the release version of the currently installed userland.

KERN_OSRELEASE
    The system release string.

KERN_OSREV
    The system revision string.

KERN_OSTYPE
    The system type string.

KERN_POSIX1
    The version of p1003.1 with which the system attempts to comply.

KERN_PROC
    Return selected information about specific running processes.

    For the following names, an array of struct kinfo_proc structures is returned, whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system.
    Third Level Name | Fourth Level
    KERN_PROC_ALL | None
    KERN_PROC_PID | A process ID
    KERN_PROC_PGRP | A process group
    KERN_PROC_SESSION | A session
    KERN_PROC_TTY | A tty device
    KERN_PROC_UID | effective user ID
    KERN_PROC_RUID | A real user ID
    KERN_PROC_GID | effective group ID
    KERN_PROC_RGID | A real group ID

    For the following names, the miscellaneous information about the target process, which is specified by the fourth level of the oid name, is returned. A process ID of -1 specifies the current process.
    Third Level Name | Fourth Level
    KERN_PROC_ARGS | Set of strings
    KERN_PROC_PATHNAME | String
    KERN_PROC_KSTACK | struct kinfo_stack []
    KERN_PROC_VMMAP | struct kinfo_vmentry []
    KERN_PROC_FILEDESC | struct kinfo_file []
    KERN_PROC_GROUPS | gid_t []
    KERN_PROC_ENV | Set of strings
    KERN_PROC_AUXV | Elf_Auxinfo []
    KERN_PROC_RLIMIT | Integer
    KERN_PROC_PS_STRINGS | Integer
    KERN_PROC_UMASK | Integer/short
    KERN_PROC_OSREL | Integer
    KERN_PROC_SIGTRAMP | Integer
    KERN_PROC_CWD | String
    KERN_PROC_NFDS | Integer
    KERN_PROC_SIGFASTBLK | Integer
    KERN_PROC_VM_LAYOUT | struct kinfo_vm_layout
    KERN_PROC_RLIMIT_USAGE | rlim_t []
    KERN_PROC_KQUEUE | struct kinfo_knote []

    KERN_PROC_ARGS
        The command line argument array is returned in a flattened form, i.e., zero-terminated arguments follow each other. The total size of array is returned. It is also possible for a process to set its own process title this way.
    KERN_PROC_PATHNAME
        The path of the process' text file is returned.
    KERN_PROC_KSTACK
        The in-kernel call stacks for the threads of the specified process.
    KERN_PROC_VMMAP
        The description of the map entries for the process.
    KERN_PROC_FILEDESC
        The file descriptors for files opened in the specified process.
    KERN_PROC_GROUPS
        Groups associated with the process.
    KERN_PROC_ENV
        The set of strings representing the environment of the specified process.

        Note that from the kernel point of view, environment exists only at the time of execve(2) system call. This node method tries to reconstruct the environment from the known breadcrumbs left in the process address space, but it is not guaranteed to succeed or to represent the current value as maintained by the program.
    KERN_PROC_AUXV
        The set of ELF auxv entries. See the note above about environment, which is also applicable to auxv.
    KERN_PROC_RLIMIT
        Additinal OID name element must be supplied, specifiing the resource name as in getrlimit(2). The call returns the given resource limit for the process.
    KERN_PROC_PS_STRINGS
        Returns the location of the ps_strings structure at the time of the last call to execve(2) in the specified process.
    KERN_PROC_UMASK
        The current umask value, see umask(2).
    KERN_PROC_OSREL
        The value of osrel for the process, that is the osrel the currently executed image was compiled for. Read from the note of the elf executable at execve(2) time. Might be modified by the process.
    KERN_PROC_SIGTRAMP
        Address of the signal trampoline in the process address space, where, simplifying, the kernel passes control for signal delivery.
    KERN_PROC_CWD
        Returns the current working directory for the process.
    KERN_PROC_NFDS
        Returns the total number of opened file descriptors for the process.
    KERN_PROC_SIGFASTBLK
        Returns the address of the sigfastblock(2) location, if active.
    KERN_PROC_VM_LAYOUT
        Fills a structure describing process virtual address space layout.
    KERN_PROC_RLIMIT_USAGE
        Like KERN_PROC_RLIMIT, but instead of the limit, returns the accounted resource usage. For resources which do not have a meaningful current value, -1 is returned.
    KERN_PROC_KQUEUE
        Fills an array of structures describing events registered with the specified kqueue. The next two node's values are the pid and kqfd, the process ID of the process, and the file descriptor of the kqueue in that process, to query.

KERN_PS_STRINGS
    Reports the location of the process ps_strings structure after exec, for the ABI of the querying process.

KERN_SAVED_IDS
    Returns 1 if saved set-group and saved set-user ID is available.

KERN_SECURELVL
    The system security level. This level may be raised by processes with appropriate privilege. It may not be lowered.

KERN_USRSTACK
    Reports the top of the main thread user stack for the current process.

KERN_VERSION
    The system version string.

  CTL_NET
The string and integer information available for the CTL_NET level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privilege may change the value.
Second Level Name | Type | Changeable
PF_ROUTE | routing messages | no
PF_INET | IPv4 values | yes
PF_INET6 | IPv6 values | yes

PF_ROUTE
    Return the entire routing table or a subset of it. The data is returned as a sequence of routing messages (see route(4) for the header file, format and meaning). The length of each message is contained in the message header.

    The third level name is a protocol number, which is currently always 0. The fourth level name is an address family, which may be set to 0 to select all address families. The fifth, sixth, and seventh level names are as follows:
    Fifth level | Sixth Level | Seventh Level
    NET_RT_FLAGS | rtflags | None
    NET_RT_DUMP | None | None or fib number
    NET_RT_IFLIST | 0 or if_index | None
    NET_RT_IFMALIST | 0 or if_index | None
    NET_RT_IFLISTL | 0 or if_index | None
    NET_RT_NHOPS | None | fib number

    The NET_RT_IFMALIST name returns information about multicast group memberships on all interfaces if 0 is specified, or for the interface specified by if_index.

    The NET_RT_IFLISTL is like NET_RT_IFLIST, just returning message header structs with additional fields allowing the interface to be extended without breaking binary compatibility. The NET_RT_IFLISTL uses 'l' versions of the message header structures: struct if_msghdrl and struct ifa_msghdrl.

    NET_RT_NHOPS returns all nexthops for specified address family in given fib.

PF_INET
    Get or set various global information about the IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). The third level name is the protocol. The fourth level name is the variable name. The currently defined protocols and names are:
    Protocol | Variable | Type | Changeable
    icmp | bmcastecho | integer | yes
    icmp | maskrepl | integer | yes
    ip | forwarding | integer | yes
    ip | redirect | integer | yes
    ip | ttl | integer | yes
    udp | checksum | integer | yes

    The variables are as follows:

    icmp.bmcastecho
        Returns 1 if an ICMP echo request to a broadcast or multicast address is to be answered.

    icmp.maskrepl
        Returns 1 if ICMP network mask requests are to be answered.

    ip.forwarding
        Returns 1 when IP forwarding is enabled for the host, meaning that the host is acting as a router.

    ip.redirect
        Returns 1 when ICMP redirects may be sent by the host. This option is ignored unless the host is routing IP packets, and should normally be enabled on all systems.

    ip.ttl
        The maximum time-to-live (hop count) value for an IP packet sourced by the system. This value applies to normal transport protocols, not to ICMP.

    udp.checksum
        Returns 1 when UDP checksums are being computed and checked. Disabling UDP checksums is strongly discouraged.

        For variables net.inet.*.ipsec, please refer to ipsec(4).

PF_INET6
    Get or set various global information about the IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). The third level name is the protocol. The fourth level name is the variable name.

    For variables net.inet6.* please refer to inet6(4). For variables net.inet6.*.ipsec6, please refer to ipsec(4).

  CTL_USER
The string and integer information available for the CTL_USER level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privilege may change the value.
Second Level Name | Type | Changeable
USER_BC_BASE_MAX | integer | no
USER_BC_DIM_MAX | integer | no
USER_BC_SCALE_MAX | integer | no
USER_BC_STRING_MAX | integer | no
USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX | integer | no
USER_CS_PATH | string | no
USER_EXPR_NEST_MAX | integer | no
USER_LINE_MAX | integer | no
USER_LOCALBASE | string | no
USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_C_BIND | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_C_DEV | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_FORT_DEV | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_FORT_RUN | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_SW_DEV | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_UPE | integer | no
USER_POSIX2_VERSION | integer | no
USER_RE_DUP_MAX | integer | no
USER_STREAM_MAX | integer | no
USER_TZNAME_MAX | integer | no

USER_BC_BASE_MAX
    The maximum ibase/obase values in the bc(1) utility.

USER_BC_DIM_MAX
    The maximum array size in the bc(1) utility.

USER_BC_SCALE_MAX
    The maximum scale value in the bc(1) utility.

USER_BC_STRING_MAX
    The maximum string length in the bc(1) utility.

USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
    The maximum number of weights that can be assigned to any entry of the LC_COLLATE order keyword in the locale definition file.

USER_CS_PATH
    Return a value for the PATH environment variable that finds all the standard utilities.

USER_EXPR_NEST_MAX
    The maximum number of expressions that can be nested within parenthesis by the expr(1) utility.

USER_LINE_MAX
    The maximum length in bytes of a text-processing utility's input line.

USER_LOCALBASE
    Return the value of localbase that has been compiled into system utilities that need to have access to resources provided by a port or package.

USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM
    Return 1 if the system supports at least one terminal type capable of all operations described in p1003.2, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_C_BIND
    Return 1 if the system's C-language development facilities support the C-Language Bindings Option, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_C_DEV
    Return 1 if the system supports the C-Language Development Utilities Option, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_FORT_DEV
    Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Development Utilities Option, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_FORT_RUN
    Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Runtime Utilities Option, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF
    Return 1 if the system supports the creation of locales, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_SW_DEV
    Return 1 if the system supports the Software Development Utilities Option, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_UPE
    Return 1 if the system supports the User Portability Utilities Option, otherwise 0.

USER_POSIX2_VERSION
    The version of p1003.2 with which the system attempts to comply.

USER_RE_DUP_MAX
    The maximum number of repeated occurrences of a regular expression permitted when using interval notation.

USER_STREAM_MAX
    The minimum maximum number of streams that a process may have open at any one time.

USER_TZNAME_MAX
    The minimum maximum number of types supported for the name of a timezone.

  CTL_VM
The string and integer information available for the CTL_VM level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privilege may change the value.
Second Level Name | Type | Changeable
VM_LOADAVG | struct loadavg | no
VM_TOTAL | struct vmtotal | no
VM_SWAPPING_ENABLED | integer | maybe
VM_V_FREE_MIN | integer | yes
VM_V_FREE_RESERVED | integer | yes
VM_V_FREE_TARGET | integer | yes
VM_V_INACTIVE_TARGET | integer | yes
VM_V_PAGEOUT_FREE_MIN | integer | yes
VM_OVERCOMMIT | integer | yes

VM_LOADAVG
    Return the load average history. The returned data consists of a struct loadavg.

VM_TOTAL
    Return the system wide virtual memory statistics. The returned data consists of a struct vmtotal.

VM_SWAPPING_ENABLED
    1 if process swapping is enabled or 0 if disabled. This variable is permanently set to 0 if the kernel was built with swapping disabled.

VM_V_FREE_MIN
    Minimum amount of memory (cache memory plus free memory) required to be available before a process waiting on memory will be awakened.

VM_V_FREE_RESERVED
    Processes will awaken the pageout daemon and wait for memory if the number of free and cached pages drops below this value.

VM_V_FREE_TARGET
    The total amount of free memory (including cache memory) that the pageout daemon tries to maintain.

VM_V_INACTIVE_TARGET
    The desired number of inactive pages that the pageout daemon should achieve when it runs. Inactive pages can be quickly inserted into process address space when needed.

VM_V_PAGEOUT_FREE_MIN
    If the amount of free and cache memory falls below this value, the pageout daemon will enter "memory conserving mode" to avoid deadlock.

VM_OVERCOMMIT
    Overcommit behaviour, as described in tuning(7).

RETURN VALUES

FILES
<sys/sysctl.h>
    definitions for top level identifiers, second level kernel and hardware identifiers, and user level identifiers
<sys/socket.h>
    definitions for second level network identifiers
<sys/gmon.h>
    definitions for third level profiling identifiers
<vm/vm_param.h>
    definitions for second level virtual memory identifiers
<netinet/in.h>
    definitions for third level IPv4/IPv6 identifiers and fourth level IPv4/v6 identifiers
<netinet/icmp_var.h>
    definitions for fourth level ICMP identifiers
<netinet/icmp6.h>
    definitions for fourth level ICMPv6 identifiers
<netinet/udp_var.h>
    definitions for fourth level UDP identifiers

ERRORS
The following errors may be reported:

[EFAULT]
    The buffer name, oldp, newp, or length pointer oldlenp contains an invalid address.

[EINVAL]
    The name array is less than two or greater than CTL_MAXNAME.

[EINVAL]
    A non-null newp is given and its specified length in newlen is too large or too small.

[ENOMEM]
    The length pointed to by oldlenp is too short to hold the requested value.

[ENOMEM]
    The smaller of either the length pointed to by oldlenp or the estimated size of the returned data exceeds the system limit on locked memory.

[ENOMEM]
    Locking the buffer oldp, or a portion of the buffer if the estimated size of the data to be returned is smaller, would cause the process to exceed its per-process locked memory limit.

[ENOTDIR]
    The name array specifies an intermediate rather than terminal name.

[EISDIR]
    The name array specifies a terminal name, but the actual name is not terminal.

[ENOENT]
    The name array specifies a value that is unknown.

[EPERM]
    An attempt is made to set a read-only value.

[EPERM]
    A process without appropriate privilege attempts to set a value.

SEE ALSO
confstr(3), kvm(3), sysconf(3), sysctl(8)

HISTORY
The sysctl() function first appeared in 4.4BSD.